√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleAccusative Masculine Singular
√ υἱός — a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinshipNounAccusative Masculine Singular
huios: son Ho huios tou anthrōpou, Jesus' preferred self-designation. Spoken immediately after the title “the Christ of God,” it reframes messiahship: the figure who in Daniel 7:13 to 14 receives dominion is here the one who must first suffer.
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleGenitive Masculine Singular
ἀνθρώπουanthrōpouof ManG444 √ ἄνθρωπος — from G3700 (ὀπτάνομαι))NounGenitive Masculine Singular
anthrōpos: man Genitive with the article: “of the man.” A Semitic idiom (Aramaic bar enash) for a human being, given titular force by Jesus.
√ δεῖ — also deon deh-on'VerbPresent Indicative Active3rd Person Singular
dei: it is necessary Luke's word for the divine plan (101 vv in the NT, heavily Lukan). The same necessity recurs at 17:25, 22:37, 24:7, and 24:26 (“Was it not necessary for the Christ to suffer these things?”), where the risen Christ grounds it in Moses and the Prophets. Not fate, but the will of God written beforehand.
√ πάσχω — to experience a sensation or impression (usually painful)VerbAorist Infinitive Active
paschō: to suffer Aorist infinitive, summarizing the whole passion as one event. Here it is first said of the Son of Man in Luke; Luke 24:26 and 24:46 and Acts 17:3 pick up the exact pairing of dei with pathein as a creedal formula.
πολλὰpollamany thingsG4183 √ πολύς — (singular) much (in any respect) or (plural) manyAdjectiveAccusative Neuter Plural
polla, “many things”: an indefinite plural that keeps the details veiled. Cambridge notes the mode of death is withheld until Matthew 20:19.
√ ἔπω — to speak or say (by word or writing)VerbAorist Participle ActiveNominative Masculine Singular
Aorist participle “having said,” linking this verse to the command of v. 21.
√ ὅτι — demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant)Conjunction
hoti recitative: introduces the direct words that follow; untranslated.
√ καί — and, also, even, so then, too, etcConjunction
ἀποδοκιμασθῆναιapodokimasthēnaiHe must be rejectedG593 √ ἀποδοκιμάζω — to disapprove, iVerbAorist Infinitive Passive
apodokimazō: to reject after scrutiny A rare verb (9 NT verses). Dokimazō is to test and approve; the prefix apo makes it to test and throw out. Four of the nine uses quote or echo Psalm 118:22 (Matthew 21:42, Mark 12:10, Luke 20:17, 1 Peter 2:7; also 1 Peter 2:4), so the word itself carries the stone-the-builders-rejected image. Gill makes this link explicitly.
√ ἀπό — "off," iPreposition
apo with the genitive: agency, “by.”
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleGenitive Masculine Plural
One article tōn governs all three nouns, binding elders, chief priests and scribes into a single body: the Sanhedrin, as Cambridge and Pulpit observe.
πρεσβυτέρωνpresbyterōneldersG4245 √ πρεσβύτερος — olderAdjectiveGenitive Masculine Plural
presbyteros: elder The lay aristocracy of the council.
√ καί — and, also, even, so then, too, etcConjunction
ἀρχιερέωνarchiereōnchief priestsG749 √ ἀρχιερεύς — the high-priest (literally, of the Jews, typically, Christ)NounGenitive Masculine Plural
archiereus: high priest, chief priest Plural: the high-priestly families. The irony the lexicon itself hints at: the priests reject the one Hebrews calls the great High Priest (Hebrews 4:14).
√ καί — and, also, even, so then, too, etcConjunction
γραμματέωνgrammateōnscribesG1122 √ γραμματεύς — scribe, town-clerkNounGenitive Masculine Plural
grammateus: scribe The professional interpreters of the Law. With elders and priests they complete the nation's religious authority.
√ καί — and, also, even, so then, too, etcConjunction
ἀποκτανθῆναιapoktanthēnaiHe must be killedG615 √ ἀποκτείνω — to kill outrightVerbAorist Infinitive Passive
apokteinō: to kill Aorist passive infinitive: “to be killed.” Plain and stark; nothing yet of crucifixion or of Gentile hands.
√ καί — and, also, even, so then, too, etcConjunction
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleDative Feminine Singular
√ τρίτος — thirdAdjectiveDative Feminine Singular
tritos: third “On the third day,” Luke's consistent form (also 18:33, 24:7, 24:46), where Mark 8:31 has “after three days.” Paul's early creed says “raised on the third day according to the Scriptures” (1 Corinthians 15:4).
√ ἡμέρα — day, iNounDative Feminine Singular
ἐγερθῆναιegerthēnaibe raised to lifeG1453 √ ἐγείρω — to waken (transitively or intransitively), iVerbAorist Infinitive Passive
egeirō: to raise, waken Aorist passive infinitive, still under the opening dei: the resurrection is as necessary as the suffering. The passive points to God as the one who raises.