The Fallible Study Bible

The Fallible · Synthetic · Study Bible

Luke11:14–23

A House Divided

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Luke 11:14–23 — A House Divided. Each verse below carries the full apparatus: the Berean Standard Bible, the vocalized original (tap any word), and a parsed breakdown of every term transcribed from the interlinear. Synthesized commentary, canonical threads, and the reading of Christ gather at the end, over the whole unit.

14

One day Jesus was driving out a demon that was mute. And when the demon was gone, the man who had been mute spoke. The crowds were amazed,

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Greek — tap a word ↓

Kai ēn ekballōn daimonion kai auto ēn kōphon de egeneto tou daimoniou exelthontos ho kōphos elalēsen kai hoi ochloi ethaumasan

Word by word20 · parsed
ΚαὶKai[One day]G2532
√ καί — and, also, even, so then, too, etcConjunction
ἦνēn[Jesus] wasG1510
√ εἰμί — I exist (used only when emphatic)VerbImperfect Indicative Active3rd Person Singular
ἐκβάλλωνekballōndriving outG1544
√ ἐκβάλλω — to eject (literally or figuratively)VerbPresent Participle ActiveNominative Masculine Singular
ekballō: to eject, throw out (G1544) Present participle: a continuing act of expulsion. The verb is forceful (to throw out), and it will recur six times in vv. 14 to 20 (Verifier counts it in 75 vv): the whole controversy is about the source of this one action.
δαιμόνιονdaimoniona demonG1140
√ δαιμόνιον — a dæmonic beingNounAccusative Neuter Singular
daimonion: a daemonic being (G1140) The unit’s key noun, repeated in every verse through v. 20. Luke never debates whether such beings exist; Jesus’ critics do not either. The question is only by whose power they leave.
καὶkaiG2532
√ καί — and, also, even, so then, too, etcConjunction
αὐτὸautothatG846
√ αὐτός — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other personsPersonal / Possessive PronounNominative Neuter 3rd Person Singular
ἦνēnwasG1510
√ εἰμί — I exist (used only when emphatic)VerbImperfect Indicative Active3rd Person Singular
κωφόνkōphonmuteG2974
√ κωφός — blunted, iAdjectiveNominative Neuter Singular
kōphos: blunted, dull (G2974) The root sense is “blunted,” used of deafness or dumbness (Gill notes the Ethiopic reads “deaf and dumb”; JFB, from Matt 12:22, adds blind). Poole: the devil is “called dumb, from his effect upon the demoniac.”
δὲdeAnd whenG1161
√ δέ — but, and, etcConjunction
ἐγένετοegeneto. . .G1096
√ γίνομαι — to cause to be ("gen"-erate), iVerbAorist Indicative Middle3rd Person Singular
Septuagintal narrative formula; see divergence.
τοῦtoutheG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleGenitive Neuter Singular
δαιμονίουdaimonioudemonG1140
√ δαιμόνιον — a dæmonic beingNounGenitive Neuter Singular
ἐξελθόντοςexelthontoswas goneG1831
√ ἐξέρχομαι — to issue (literally or figuratively)VerbAorist Participle ActiveGenitive Neuter Singular
ὁhotheG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleNominative Masculine Singular
κωφόςkōphos[man who had been] muteG2974
√ κωφός — blunted, iAdjectiveNominative Masculine Singular
kōphos (masc.) Now the man, not the spirit: the adjective passes from oppressor to victim, and in the next word the victim speaks.
ἐλάλησενelalēsenspokeG2980
√ λαλέω — to talk, iVerbAorist Indicative Active3rd Person Singular
laleō: to talk, speak (G2980) Aorist: the speech is sudden and complete. Isaiah 35:6 had promised that in the day of God’s coming the mute tongue would shout for joy; Luke 7:22 lists such healings as Jesus’ own credentials. The healed tongue is the first evidence entered in the trial that follows.
καὶkaiG2532
√ καί — and, also, even, so then, too, etcConjunction
οἱhoiTheG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleNominative Masculine Plural
ὄχλοιochloicrowdsG3793
√ ὄχλος — a throng (as borne along)NounNominative Masculine Plural
ἐθαύμασανethaumasanwere amazedG2296
√ θαυμάζω — to wonderVerbAorist Indicative Active3rd Person Plural
thaumazō: to wonder (G2296) Neutral amazement. Gill reads it as the crowd concluding “he must be the Messiah, the son of David” (from the Matthew parallel).
15

but some of them said, “It is by Beelzebul, the prince of the demons, that He drives out demons.”

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Greek — tap a word ↓

de tines ex autōn eipon En Beelzeboul tō archonti tōn daimoniōn ekballei ta daimonia

Word by word14 · parsed
δὲdebutG1161
√ δέ — but, and, etcConjunction
τινὲςtinessomeG5100
√ τὶς — some or any person or objectInterrogative / Indefinite PronounNominative Masculine Plural
tis: some Luke leaves them unnamed; Matt 12:24 says Pharisees, Mark 3:22 scribes from Jerusalem.
ἐξexofG1537
√ ἐκ — literal or figurativePreposition
αὐτῶνautōnthemG846
√ αὐτός — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other personsPersonal / Possessive PronounGenitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural
εἶπονeiponsaidG2036
√ ἔπω — to speak or say (by word or writing)VerbAorist Indicative Active3rd Person Plural
ἘνEn[It is] byG1722
√ ἐν — "in," at, (up-)on, by, etcPreposition
Instrumental or sphere sense; see divergence.
ΒεελζεβοὺλBeelzeboulBeelzebulG954
√ Βεελζεβούλ — dung-godNounDative Masculine Singular
Beelzeboul: lexicon “dung-god” (G954) Verifier finds the name in only 7 verses, all Synoptic. Cambridge sets out three meanings (lord of flies, lord of dung, lord of the habitation) and the textual uncertainty; at Matt 10:25 Jesus had already warned that if the master of the house was called Beelzebul, his household would be too.
τῷtōtheG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleDative Masculine Singular
ἄρχοντιarchontiprinceG758
√ ἄρχων — a first (in rank or power)NounDative Masculine Singular
archōn: first in rank or power (G758) The accusers ascribe to Satan an ordered rule; At John 12:31 Jesus names him the archōn of this world, who is to be cast out (ἐκβληθήσεται), the same verb as here.
τῶνtōnof theG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleGenitive Neuter Plural
δαιμονίωνdaimoniōndemonsG1140
√ δαιμόνιον — a dæmonic beingNounGenitive Neuter Plural
ἐκβάλλειekballei[that] He drives outG1544
√ ἐκβάλλω — to eject (literally or figuratively)VerbPresent Indicative Active3rd Person Singular
ekballō Present indicative: the slander admits the fact it tries to discredit.
τὰtaG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleAccusative Neuter Plural
δαιμόνιαdaimoniademonsG1140
√ δαιμόνιον — a dæmonic beingNounAccusative Neuter Plural
16

And others tested Him by demanding a sign from heaven.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Greek — tap a word ↓

de heteroi peirazontes par’ autou ezētoun sēmeion ex ouranou

Word by word9 · parsed
δὲdeAndG1161
√ δέ — but, and, etcConjunction
ἕτεροιheteroiothersG2087
√ ἕτερος — (an-, the) other or differentAdjectiveNominative Masculine Plural
heteros: other, different A second group with a second strategy.
πειράζοντεςpeirazontestestedG3985
√ πειράζω — to test (objectively), iVerbPresent Participle ActiveNominative Masculine Plural
peirazō: to test (G3985) The same verb names the devil’s testing of Jesus in Luke 4:2. Cambridge makes the link explicit: this is the wilderness temptation renewed, a call for power exercised on demand. Jesus answers the demand at 11:29, refusing every sign but the sign of Jonah.
παρ’par’G3844
√ παρά — properly, nearPreposition
αὐτοῦautouHimG846
√ αὐτός — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other personsPersonal / Possessive PronounGenitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular
ἐζήτουνezētounby demandingG2212
√ ζητέω — to seek (literally or figuratively)VerbImperfect Indicative Active3rd Person Plural
zēteō: to seek (G2212) Imperfect, iterative.
σημεῖονsēmeiona signG4592
√ σημεῖον — an indication, especially ceremonially or supernaturallyNounAccusative Neuter Singular
sēmeion: an indication, a sign (G4592) In Luke a sign authenticates; to demand one after a mute man has just spoken is to declare the evidence already given insufficient.
ἐξexfromG1537
√ ἐκ — literal or figurativePreposition
οὐρανοῦouranouheavenG3772
√ οὐρανός — the skyNounGenitive Masculine Singular
ouranos: sky, heaven Source, not location: a sign whose origin is beyond dispute.
17

Knowing their thoughts, Jesus said to them, “Every kingdom divided against itself will be laid waste, and a house divided against a house will fall.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Greek — tap a word ↓

de eidōs autōn ta dianoēmata Autos eipen autois Pasa basileia diameristheisa eph’ heautēn erēmoutai kai oikos epi oikon piptei

Word by word19 · parsed
δὲdeG1161
√ δέ — but, and, etcConjunction
εἰδὼςeidōsKnowingG1492
√ εἴδω — used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent G3700 (ὀπτάνομαι) and G3708 (ὁράω)VerbPerfect Participle ActiveNominative Masculine Singular
eidō: to know (perfect participle) The perfect gives settled knowledge. Gill reads it as divine omniscience; Luke has already shown Jesus reading hearts at 5:22 and 6:8.
αὐτῶνautōntheirG846
√ αὐτός — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other personsPersonal / Possessive PronounGenitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural
τὰtaG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleAccusative Neuter Plural
διανοήματαdianoēmatathoughtsG1270
√ διανόημα — something thought through, iNounAccusative Neuter Plural
dianoēma: a thing thought through (G1270) A rare noun for premeditated reasoning. The charge in v. 15 was whispered (Pulpit: “evidently not addressed to Jesus”); He answers what was not said to Him.
ΑὐτὸςAutos[Jesus]G846
√ αὐτός — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other personsPersonal / Possessive PronounNominative Masculine 3rd Person Singular
εἶπενeipensaidG2036
√ ἔπω — to speak or say (by word or writing)VerbAorist Indicative Active3rd Person Singular
αὐτοῖςautoisto themG846
√ αὐτός — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other personsPersonal / Possessive PronounDative Masculine 3rd Person Plural
ΠᾶσαPasaEveryG3956
√ πᾶς — all, any, every, the wholeAdjectiveNominative Feminine Singular
βασιλείαbasileiakingdomG932
√ βασιλεία — properly, royalty, iNounNominative Feminine Singular
basileia: royalty, rule, kingdom (G932) The word that will carry the climax in v. 20: Jesus begins with Satan’s kingdom so that He can end with God’s.
διαμερισθεῖσαdiameristheisadividedG1266
√ διαμερίζω — to partition thoroughly (literally in distribution, figuratively in dissension)VerbAorist Participle PassiveNominative Feminine Singular
diamerizō: to partition thoroughly (G1266) Aorist passive participle: a kingdom once split. The lexicon notes the figurative sense “in dissension.” Luke uses the same verb at 12:52 to 53 of households divided by Jesus Himself, a sharp counterpoint: division destroys Satan’s house, but Christ’s coming divides human houses.
ἐφ’eph’againstG1909
√ ἐπί — properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etcPreposition
ἑαυτὴνheautēnitselfG1438
√ ἑαυτοῦ — him- (her-, it-, them-, also (in conjunction with the personal pronoun of the other persons) my-, thy-, our-, your-) self (selves), etcReflexive PronounAccusative Feminine 3rd Person Singular
ἐρημοῦταιerēmoutaiwill be laid wasteG2049
√ ἐρημόω — to lay waste (literally or figuratively)VerbPresent Indicative Middle or Passive3rd Person Singular
erēmoō: to lay waste (G2049) Rare (Verifier: 5 vv), shared verbatim with Matt 12:25 and used of Babylon’s sudden ruin at Rev 18:17. Division is self-made desolation.
καὶkaiandG2532
√ καί — and, also, even, so then, too, etcConjunction
οἶκοςoikosa houseG3624
√ οἶκος — a dwelling (more or less extensive, literal or figurative)NounNominative Masculine Singular
ἐπὶepidivided againstG1909
√ ἐπί — properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etcPreposition
οἶκονoikona houseG3624
√ οἶκος — a dwelling (more or less extensive, literal or figurative)NounAccusative Masculine Singular
πίπτειpipteiwill fallG4098
√ πίπτω — to fall (literally or figuratively)VerbPresent Indicative Active3rd Person Singular
piptō: to fall Present, gnomic: houses that fight themselves simply fall.
18

If Satan is divided against himself, how can his kingdom stand? After all, you say that I drive out demons by Beelzebul.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Greek — tap a word ↓

de kai ei ho Satanas diemeristhē eph’ heauton pōs autou hē basileia stathēsetai hoti legete me ekballein ta daimonia en Beelzeboul

Word by word21 · parsed
δὲdeG1161
√ δέ — but, and, etcConjunction
καὶkaiG2532
√ καί — and, also, even, so then, too, etcConjunction
εἰeiIfG1487
√ εἰ — if, whether, that, etcConjunction
ὁhoG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleNominative Masculine Singular
ΣατανᾶςSatanasSatanG4567
√ Σατανᾶς — the accuser, iNounNominative Masculine Singular
Satanas: the accuser (G4567) Jesus swaps the accusers’ obscure name “Beelzebul” for the scriptural title “Satan,” the adversary of Job 1 and Zech 3. The argument assumes, as Pulpit says, a real and organized kingdom of evil.
διεμερίσθηdiemeristhēis dividedG1266
√ διαμερίζω — to partition thoroughly (literally in distribution, figuratively in dissension)VerbAorist Indicative Passive3rd Person Singular
diamerizō (aorist passive) The verb of v. 17 now applied to Satan himself.
ἐφ’eph’againstG1909
√ ἐπί — properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etcPreposition
ἑαυτὸνheautonhimselfG1438
√ ἑαυτοῦ — him- (her-, it-, them-, also (in conjunction with the personal pronoun of the other persons) my-, thy-, our-, your-) self (selves), etcReflexive PronounAccusative Masculine 3rd Person Singular
πῶςpōshowG4459
√ πῶς — an interrogative particle of mannerAdverb
pōs: how? A rhetorical question expecting “it cannot.”
αὐτοῦautou{can} hisG846
√ αὐτός — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other personsPersonal / Possessive PronounGenitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular
ἡhēG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleNominative Feminine Singular
βασιλείαbasileiakingdomG932
√ βασιλεία — properly, royalty, iNounNominative Feminine Singular
σταθήσεταιstathēsetaistandG2476
√ ἵστημι — to stand (transitively or intransitively), used in various applications (literally or figuratively)VerbFuture Indicative Passive3rd Person Singular
histēmi: to stand (G2476) Future passive. Ephesians 6:11 and 6:13 use the same verb with panoplia (v. 22): the believer “stands” against the devil in God’s armor, where the devil’s own kingdom cannot stand.
ὅτιhotiAfter allG3754
√ ὅτι — demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant)Conjunction
Causal; see divergence.
λέγετεlegeteyou say thatG3004
√ λέγω — properly, to "lay" forth, iVerbPresent Indicative Active2nd Person Plural
μεmeIG1473
√ ἐγώ — I, mePersonal / Possessive PronounAccusative 1st Person Singular
ἐκβάλλεινekballeindrive outG1544
√ ἐκβάλλω — to eject (literally or figuratively)VerbPresent Infinitive Active
ekballō Present infinitive: the accusers’ own words, quoted back to them.
τὰtaG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleAccusative Neuter Plural
δαιμόνιαdaimoniademonsG1140
√ δαιμόνιον — a dæmonic beingNounAccusative Neuter Plural
ἐνenbyG1722
√ ἐν — "in," at, (up-)on, by, etcPreposition
ΒεελζεβοὺλBeelzeboulBeelzebulG954
√ Βεελζεβούλ — dung-godNounDative Masculine Singular
19

And if I drive out demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your sons drive them out? So then, they will be your judges.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Greek — tap a word ↓

de ei egō ekballō ta daimonia en Beelzeboul en tini hymōn hoi huioi ekballousin dia touto autoi esontai hymōn kritai

Word by word20 · parsed
δὲdeAndG1161
√ δέ — but, and, etcConjunction
εἰeiifG1487
√ εἰ — if, whether, that, etcConjunction
ἐγὼegōIG1473
√ ἐγώ — I, mePersonal / Possessive PronounNominative 1st Person Singular
Emphatic pronoun; see divergence.
ἐκβάλλωekballōdrive outG1544
√ ἐκβάλλω — to eject (literally or figuratively)VerbPresent Indicative Active1st Person Singular
τὰtaG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleAccusative Neuter Plural
δαιμόνιαdaimoniademonsG1140
√ δαιμόνιον — a dæmonic beingNounAccusative Neuter Plural
ἐνenbyG1722
√ ἐν — "in," at, (up-)on, by, etcPreposition
ΒεελζεβοὺλBeelzeboulBeelzebulG954
√ Βεελζεβούλ — dung-godNounDative Masculine Singular
ἐνenbyG1722
√ ἐν — "in," at, (up-)on, by, etcPreposition
τίνιtiniwhomG5101
√ τίς — an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)Interrogative / Indefinite PronounDative Masculine Singular
ὑμῶνhymōn{do} yourG4771
√ σύ — thouPersonal / Possessive PronounGenitive 2nd Person Plural
οἱhoiG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleNominative Masculine Plural
υἱοὶhuioisonsG5207
√ υἱός — a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinshipNounNominative Masculine Plural
huios: a son, used widely of kinship (G5207) The lexicon notes the word’s figurative range. Pulpit records three identifications (apostles, rabbinic pupils, exorcists); Cambridge stresses that Jesus does not thereby endorse the reality of their exorcisms (Acts 19:13 shows their practice).
ἐκβάλλουσινekballousindrive [them] outG1544
√ ἐκβάλλω — to eject (literally or figuratively)VerbPresent Indicative Active3rd Person Plural
διὰdiaSo thenG1223
√ διά — through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)Preposition
Causal; see divergence.
τοῦτοtouto. . .G3778
√ οὗτος — the he (she or it), iDemonstrative PronounAccusative Neuter Singular
αὐτοὶautoitheyG846
√ αὐτός — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other personsPersonal / Possessive PronounNominative Masculine 3rd Person Plural
ἔσονταιesontaiwill beG1510
√ εἰμί — I exist (used only when emphatic)VerbFuture Indicative Middle3rd Person Plural
ὑμῶνhymōnyourG4771
√ σύ — thouPersonal / Possessive PronounGenitive 2nd Person Plural
κριταὶkritaijudgesG2923
√ κριτής — a judge (genitive case or specially)NounNominative Masculine Plural
kritēs: a judge (G2923) The argument is a trap: either condemn your own exorcists, or acquit Me. Cambridge calls it an “incontrovertible argumentum ad hominem.”
20

But if I drive out demons by the finger of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Greek — tap a word ↓

de ei egō ekballō ta daimonia en daktylō Theou ara hē basileia tou Theou ephthasen eph’ hymas

Word by word17 · parsed
δὲdeButG1161
√ δέ — but, and, etcConjunction
εἰeiifG1487
√ εἰ — if, whether, that, etcConjunction
ἐγὼegōIG1473
√ ἐγώ — I, mePersonal / Possessive PronounNominative 1st Person Singular
ἐκβάλλωekballōdrive outG1544
√ ἐκβάλλω — to eject (literally or figuratively)VerbPresent Indicative Active1st Person Singular
ekballō The sixth use of the verb in the unit; here the conditional is real (first-class), assumed true for argument.
τὰtaG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleAccusative Neuter Plural
δαιμόνιαdaimoniademonsG1140
√ δαιμόνιον — a dæmonic beingNounAccusative Neuter Plural
ἐνenbyG1722
√ ἐν — "in," at, (up-)on, by, etcPreposition
δακτύλῳdaktylō[the] fingerG1147
√ δάκτυλος — a fingerNounDative Masculine Singular
daktylos: a finger (G1147) Bold anthropomorphism. Ellicott: as “hand” denotes power generally, “finger” is power “in its concentrated and specially-directed energy.” In Exodus the finger of God defeats magicians (8:19) and writes the covenant (31:18; Deut 9:10). Gill adds that the phrase equals the Spirit of Matthew 12:28; JFB: the finger is the power, the Spirit the personal Agent.
ΘεοῦTheouof GodG2316
√ θεός — figuratively, a magistrateNounGenitive Masculine Singular
ἄραarathenG686
√ ἄρα — a particle denoting an inference more or less decisive (as follows)Conjunction
ara: an inference (G686) Logical consequence, not mere sequence.
ἡhētheG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleNominative Feminine Singular
βασιλείαbasileiakingdomG932
√ βασιλεία — properly, royalty, iNounNominative Feminine Singular
basileia (G932) The climax of the argument begun at v. 17: from “every kingdom” to Satan’s kingdom to the kingdom of God. Luke treats the kingdom as both arriving in Jesus’ works (here, 17:21) and still to come (11:2, 21:31).
τοῦtouG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleGenitive Masculine Singular
ΘεοῦTheouof GodG2316
√ θεός — figuratively, a magistrateNounGenitive Masculine Singular
ἔφθασενephthasenhas comeG5348
√ φθάνω — to be beforehand, iVerbAorist Indicative Active3rd Person Singular
phthanō: to be beforehand, arrive (G5348) Aorist: an arrival already accomplished. The verb implies precedence, getting there first. The tool reads it as the kingdom outrunning the accusers’ expectations, as Cambridge and Benson suggest.
ἐφ’eph’uponG1909
√ ἐπί — properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etcPreposition
epi + accusative “Upon”: arrival with force.
ὑμᾶςhymasyouG4771
√ σύ — thouPersonal / Possessive PronounAccusative 2nd Person Plural
21

When a strong man, fully armed, guards his house, his possessions are secure.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Greek — tap a word ↓

Hotan ho ischyros kathōplismenos phylassē heautou tēn aulēn autou ta hyparchonta estin en eirēnē

Word by word14 · parsed
ὍτανHotanWhenG3752
√ ὅταν — whenever (implying hypothesis or more or less uncertainty)Conjunction
hotan: whenever Indefinite: a general condition, as long as no one stronger appears.
ὁhoG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleNominative Masculine Singular
ἰσχυρὸςischyrosa strong [man]G2478
√ ἰσχυρός — forcible (literally or figuratively)AdjectiveNominative Masculine Singular
ischyros: forcible, strong (G2478) Set up deliberately for the comparative in v. 22. Isaiah 49:24 to 25 (the LORD taking captives from the mighty) is often heard here, though no voice in this brief cites it and the tool has not checked the Septuagint wording.
καθωπλισμένοςkathōplismenosfully armedG2528
√ καθοπλίζω — and G3695 (ὁπλίζω)VerbPerfect Participle Middle or PassiveNominative Masculine Singular
kathoplizō: to arm fully (G2528) Perfect middle or passive participle: equipped and standing so. Gill lists the arms: temptations “as fiery darts” and the sins and lusts of men. The noun panoplia in v. 22 picks up this verb’s root.
φυλάσσῃphylassēguardsG5442
√ φυλάσσω — to watch, iVerbPresent Subjunctive Active3rd Person Singular
phylassō: to watch, guard (G5442) Present subjunctive: continuous guarding.
ἑαυτοῦheautouhisG1438
√ ἑαυτοῦ — him- (her-, it-, them-, also (in conjunction with the personal pronoun of the other persons) my-, thy-, our-, your-) self (selves), etcReflexive PronounGenitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular
τὴνtēnG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleAccusative Feminine Singular
αὐλήνaulēnhouseG833
√ αὐλή — a yard (as open to the wind)NounAccusative Feminine Singular
aulē: a yard, court (G833) See divergence. Cambridge reads the palace as the world (John 12:31) and men as Satan’s possessions (2 Tim 2:26); JFB: “man whether viewed more largely or in individual souls.”
αὐτοῦautouhisG846
√ αὐτός — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other personsPersonal / Possessive PronounGenitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular
τὰtaG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleNominative Neuter Plural
ὑπάρχονταhyparchontapossessionsG5225
√ ὑπάρχω — to begin under (quietly), iVerbPresent Participle ActiveNominative Neuter Plural
hyparchō: to be, exist; participle as “possessions” (G5225) Literally “the things existing” to him: his goods. Cambridge and Pulpit: the possessed and, by extension, humanity.
ἐστὶνestinareG1510
√ εἰμί — I exist (used only when emphatic)VerbPresent Indicative Active3rd Person Singular
ἐνenvvvG1722
√ ἐν — "in," at, (up-)on, by, etcPreposition
εἰρήνῃeirēnēsecureG1515
√ εἰρήνη — peace (literally or figuratively)NounDative Feminine Singular
eirēnē: peace (G1515) The great word of Luke’s birth narratives (2:14) and of Jesus’ greeting, here inverted: a false peace. Gill: such a man lives “crying Peace, Peace, to himself,” echoing Jeremiah 6:14.
22

But when someone stronger attacks and overpowers him, he takes away the armor in which the man trusted, and then he divides up his plunder.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Greek — tap a word ↓

de epan ischyroteros autou epelthōn nikēsē auton airei autou tēn panoplian eph’ hē epepoithei kai diadidōsin autou ta skyla

Word by word19 · parsed
δὲdeButG1161
√ δέ — but, and, etcConjunction
ἐπὰνepanwhenG1875
√ ἐπάν — a particle of indefinite contemporaneousnessConjunction
epan: whenever (G1875) Rare conjunction (Verifier: 3 vv).
ἰσχυρότεροςischyroteros[someone] strongerG2478
√ ἰσχυρός — forcible (literally or figuratively)AdjectiveNominative Masculine SingularComparative
ischyros, comparative Gill: Christ, “the mighty God, the Almighty,” shown stronger than Satan in the wilderness, on the cross, and in conversion. The comparative is the hinge of the whole defense: the exorcisms prove not collusion but superiority.
αὐτοῦautou. . .G846
√ αὐτός — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other personsPersonal / Possessive PronounGenitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular
ἐπελθὼνepelthōnattacksG1904
√ ἐπέρχομαι — to supervene, iVerbAorist Participle ActiveNominative Masculine Singular
eperchomai: to come upon, supervene (G1904) Aorist participle: an assault. Luke uses the same verb of the Spirit “coming upon” Mary (1:35) and the disciples (Acts 1:8).
νικήσῃnikēsē[and] overpowersG3528
√ νικάω — to subdue (literally or figuratively)VerbAorist Subjunctive Active3rd Person Singular
nikaō: to subdue, conquer (G3528) The verb of victory. JFB: “sublimely expressing the Redeemer’s approach, as the Seed of the woman, to bruise the Serpent’s head” (Genesis 3:15).
αὐτόνautonhimG846
√ αὐτός — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other personsPersonal / Possessive PronounAccusative Masculine 3rd Person Singular
αἴρειaireihe takes awayG142
√ αἴρω — to lift upVerbPresent Indicative Active3rd Person Singular
αὐτοῦautou[the]G846
√ αὐτός — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other personsPersonal / Possessive PronounGenitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular
τὴνtēnG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleAccusative Feminine Singular
πανοπλίανpanoplianarmorG3833
√ πανοπλία — full armor ("panoply")NounAccusative Feminine Singular
panoplia: full armor (G3833) Very rare (Verifier: 3 vv). JFB: “Vain would be the victory, were not the means of regaining his lost power wrested from him.” In Ephesians 6 the same panoply is given by God to believers: the devil’s armor is removed, God’s armor is supplied.
ἐφ’eph’inG1909
√ ἐπί — properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etcPreposition
ᾗhēwhichG3739
√ ὅς — the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, thatPersonal / Relative PronounDative Feminine Singular
ἐπεποίθειepepoithei[the man] trustedG3982
√ πείθω — to convince (by argument, true or false)VerbPluperfect Indicative Active3rd Person Singular
peithō: to persuade; perfect “to trust” (G3982) Pluperfect. The strong man’s confidence was in his equipment; the Stronger removes the very thing trusted.
καὶkaiand [then]G2532
√ καί — and, also, even, so then, too, etcConjunction
διαδίδωσινdiadidōsinhe divides upG1239
√ διαδίδωμι — to give throughout a crowd, iVerbPresent Indicative Active3rd Person Singular
diadidōmi: to give throughout (G1239) Rare (Verifier: 4 vv). Elsewhere it is used of Jesus distributing loaves (John 6:11) and of the church distributing to the needy (Acts 4:35); see the thread on this verb, which the tool marks as a novel reading.
αὐτοῦautouhisG846
√ αὐτός — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other personsPersonal / Possessive PronounGenitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular
τὰtaG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleAccusative Neuter Plural
σκῦλαskylaplunderG4661
√ σκῦλον — something stripped (as a hide), iNounAccusative Neuter Plural
skylon: something stripped, plunder (G4661) Cambridge, after Bengel: “The spoils which Satan had won from the race of man.” Gill: the souls of men, taken as prey from his hands.
23

He who is not with Me is against Me, and he who does not gather with Me scatters.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Greek — tap a word ↓

Ho ōn mē met’ emou estin kat’ emou kai ho mē synagōn met’ emou skorpizei

Word by word15 · parsed
ὉHoHe whoG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleNominative Masculine Singular
ὢνōnisG1510
√ εἰμί — I exist (used only when emphatic)VerbPresent Participle ActiveNominative Masculine Singular
μὴmēnotG3361
√ μή — (adverb) not, (conjunction) lestAdverb
μετ’met’withG3326
√ μετά — properly, denoting accompanimentPreposition
meta + genitive: with, in company of (G3326) Allegiance, not mere proximity: Gill insists it does not mean being physically present with Jesus.
ἐμοῦemouMeG1473
√ ἐγώ — I, mePersonal / Possessive PronounGenitive 1st Person Singular
ἐστινestinisG1510
√ εἰμί — I exist (used only when emphatic)VerbPresent Indicative Active3rd Person Singular
κατ’kat’againstG2596
√ κατά — (prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)Preposition
kata + genitive: against (G2596) The opposite pole: no third preposition is offered.
ἐμοῦemouMeG1473
√ ἐγώ — I, mePersonal / Possessive PronounGenitive 1st Person Singular
καὶkaiandG2532
√ καί — and, also, even, so then, too, etcConjunction
ὁhohe whoG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleNominative Masculine Singular
μὴmēvvvG3361
√ μή — (adverb) not, (conjunction) lestAdverb
συνάγωνsynagōndoes not gatherG4863
√ συνάγω — to lead together, iVerbPresent Participle ActiveNominative Masculine Singular
synagō: to lead together, gather (G4863) Shared with Matthew 12:30. In the OT the LORD is the shepherd who gathers scattered Israel (Ezekiel 34:12 to 13); Jesus claims that gathering as His own work. Pulpit applies the verse to exorcists whose work, apart from Christ, could not keep the house.
μετ’met’withG3326
√ μετά — properly, denoting accompanimentPreposition
ἐμοῦemouMeG1473
√ ἐγώ — I, mePersonal / Possessive PronounGenitive 1st Person Singular
σκορπίζειskorpizeiscattersG4650
√ σκορπίζω — to dissipate, iVerbPresent Indicative Active3rd Person Singular
skorpizō: to dissipate, scatter (G4650) Rare (Verifier: 5 vv, including Matthew 12:30). Neutrality is not standing still; it is active scattering. Geneva: aimed at those “who seek means to reconcile Christ and Satan together.”

The verse-by-verse work is done. What follows gathers the whole unit. All three layers below are machine-generated (⚙). Weigh them; they have no authority.

⚙

Grand Commentary — the unit, read whole

synthesis · verify

AI synthesis — woven from the public-domain voices above and the original text; generated and fallible.

i. A mute man speaks, and two kinds of unbelief answer — Luke 11:14 to 16

Luke opens mid-action: ἦν ἐκβάλλων, “He was casting out.” The demon is kōphon, and so is the man; when it leaves, the mute one ἐλάλησεν, “spoke.” Poole explains the transferred name: the devil is “called dumb, from his effect upon the demoniac.” Cambridge thinks the wonder of the crowd was heightened because exorcists of the day failed in such cases; Pulpit conjectures the professionals had tried here and failed. Then two responses arrive. Some attribute the work to Βεελζεβούλ, which Geneva calls “an example of horrible blindness”; others keep demanding (ezētoun, imperfect) a sign out of heaven. Cambridge sees in the demand the wilderness temptation renewed. ⚙ Slander and demand look opposite, but both refuse the sign already given: a tongue set free.

ii. A house divided: the argument from Satan’s own logic — Luke 11:17 to 19

Jesus answers διανοήματα, schemes He was not told (Cambridge: “machinations”). His law is stated in the present: a kingdom split erēmoutai, “is laid waste,” and house falls upon house. Pulpit puts the reasoning plainly: “It is not thinkable that the prince of evil would fight against himself.” Gill: to say Jesus casts out by Beelzebul “is all one as to say, that Satan is divided against himself.” Then the ad hominem (Cambridge’s term): your own υἱοί claim to cast out demons; by whom? Gill records the exorcistic practices, including Josephus’s account of Eleazar; Pulpit notes the patristic view that the “sons” are the apostles, and prefers the exorcists. Either way, they “will be your judges.”

iii. The finger of God and the kingdom that has arrived — Luke 11:20

Where Matthew has “the Spirit of God,” Luke writes δακτύλῳ Θεοῦ, “finger of God.” Ellicott, Gill, Geneva, Cambridge and Pulpit all hear Exodus 8:19, where Pharaoh’s magicians confessed, “This is the finger of God.” Ellicott adds Exodus 31:18 (the tablets written by God’s finger) and explains: as the hand denotes power generally, “the ‘finger’ symbolises power in its concentrated and specially-directed energy.” JFB harmonizes the two Gospels: the finger is the power, the Spirit “the living Personal Agent” in its exercise. The verb ἔφθασεν is aorist: the kingdom has arrived, and Cambridge and Benson both hear suddenness: “unawares, unexpectedly.” ⚙ The accusers stand where Pharaoh’s court stood, except that Pharaoh’s magicians admitted what these teachers refuse to.

iv. The strong one and the Stronger — Luke 11:21 to 22

The parable: ὁ ἰσχυρός, fully armed (kathōplismenos, perfect), guards his αὐλή (Geneva: properly an open court before a house, hence a nobleman’s palace), and his goods are en eirēnē, “in peace.” JFB, Gill, Pulpit and Cambridge identify the strong man as Satan; Henry and Gill read the palace as the unconverted heart, whose “peace” is false security. Then comes ἰσχυρότερος, the Stronger: JFB calls it a “glorious title” and hears the Seed of the woman bruising the serpent’s head (Gen 3:15); Cambridge cites Colossians 2:15; Gill finds the victory in the wilderness, on the cross, and in conversion. He takes the πανοπλία “in which he had trusted” (pluperfect) and distributes the skyla, which Cambridge, after Bengel, calls “the spoils which Satan had won from the race of man.”

v. No neutral ground — Luke 11:23

The unit closes with a verdict on the bystander: not with Me is against Me; not gathering with Me is σκορπίζει, scattering. Geneva aims it “against indifferent men, and such as love to have a compromise.” JFB hears gleaners: whatever is disconnected from Christ “comes to nothing.” Gill thinks of sheep and wheat. Cambridge notes the complementary saying at Luke 9:50 (“whoever is not against you is for you”): neutrality toward Christ is impossible, but loyalty to Him is not confined to one circle. Pulpit applies the verse to the exorcists, whose work, however earnest, could not replace the evil tenant with a holy one.

Read under Sola Scriptura — this tool’s own fallible reading (⚙)

⚙ A fallible reading, offered to be tested against the text. Read on its own terms, Luke 11:14 to 23 is a trial in which the evidence is a healed tongue. Jesus does not argue that demons are unreal or that exorcism is impossible for others; He argues from what His opponents already concede (the expulsions happen, and Satan has a kingdom) to the only conclusion that fits: if the power that ejects demons is not Satan’s, it is God’s, and if it is God’s “finger,” the kingdom of God has already arrived (ephthasen, aorist). The parable of vv. 21 to 22 then explains how: a strong one held a house in false peace; a Stronger has come upon him, stripped the panoply he trusted, and is distributing what he had taken. Scripture alone supplies the frame: the finger of God at the exodus (Exod 8:19), the promise that the mute would speak (Isa 35:6), the Seed who crushes the serpent (Gen 3:15), and the apostolic interpretation that Christ disarmed the powers (Col 2:15). The tool reads v. 23 as the hinge: once the Stronger has entered, there is no third house to live in. Whether the “house” is primarily the cosmos (Cambridge, Pulpit) or the individual heart (Henry, Gill, JFB) is not settled by the text; the tool holds that the passage speaks first of the world-scale conquest and applies second to each person. The pullquote that follows is the tool’s own line, not a verse of Scripture.

The strong man’s peace was occupation, not safety; the Stronger One comes not to negotiate with the house but to take it back.

⚙

Canonical Threads — out to the whole of Scripture

cross-refs · verify

AI-generated connections. Each carries a verification badge with a recorded basis; contested links are flagged.

The Synoptic parallel: desolation and scattering verbal / quotation: confirmed

Luke’s unit runs parallel to Matthew 12:22 to 30 and Mark 3:22 to 27. The Verifier finds rare lexemes shared verbatim: ἐρημόω (v. 17, “laid waste”) at Matthew 12:25, and σκορπίζω (v. 23, “scatters”) at Matthew 12:30. Common words (daimonion, ekballō) also link Matthew 12:24, 12:27, 12:28 and Mark 3:22, but these are frequent and carry no weight by themselves. The most significant Synoptic difference is v. 20: “finger of God” in Luke, “Spirit of God” in Matthew 12:28. This is a Synoptic parallel of the same sayings, not a quotation of one Gospel by another.

Matthew 12:25 · Matthew 12:30 · Matthew 12:28 · Mark 3:22

basis: Verifier: shared Greek lexemes G2049 ἐρημόω (in 5 vv) with Matthew 12:25 and G4650 σκορπίζω (in 5 vv) with Matthew 12:30; both rare. Matthew 12:28 and Mark 3:22 share only common lexemes G1140 (55 vv) and G1544 (75 vv). A Synoptic parallel, not a citation.

“If they called the master of the house Beelzebul” verbal / quotation: confirmed

The name Βεελζεβούλ occurs in only 7 verses (Verifier), all in the Synoptics. At Matthew 10:25 Jesus had predicted the slander: if the master of the house is called Beelzebul, how much more his household. Luke 11:15 is the fulfillment in practice. Cambridge suggests the oikodespotēs (“master of the house”) of Matthew 10:25 may play on a meaning “lord of the habitation”; Cambridge marks this as possible, not certain, and the tool follows that caution.

Matthew 10:25

basis: Verifier: shared Greek lexeme G954 Βεελζεβούλ (in 7 vv). The name link is certain; Cambridge’s wordplay on “master of the house” is offered as possible only.

The panoply: the devil’s armor and God’s armor verbal / quotation: confirmed

πανοπλία (“full armor”) occurs in only 3 verses (Verifier): here (v. 22) and Ephesians 6:11 and 6:13, both of which also share histēmi (“stand,” v. 18). Ellicott notes it is “the same word as in Ephesians 6:13”; Cambridge observes that the metaphor applied here to Satan opposing Christ is applied there to the Christian opposing Satan. The strong man loses the panoply he trusted; the believer is given the panoply of God in order to stand. The shared word is certain; Paul’s dependence on this saying is not claimed.

Ephesians 6:11 · Ephesians 6:13

basis: Verifier: shared Greek lexeme G3833 πανοπλία (in 3 vv), plus G2476 ἵστημι (in 149 vv, common). A rare verbal link with an inverted use; no claim that Ephesians alludes to Luke.

“This is the finger of God”: the exodus behind v. 20 structural / thematic: confirmed

Jesus’ δακτύλῳ Θεοῦ echoes the confession of Pharaoh’s magicians at Exodus 8:19 (Hebrew etsbaʻ elohim), when their own arts failed before the plagues. Ellicott, Gill, Geneva, Cambridge and Pulpit all cite it; Ellicott and Pulpit add Exodus 31:18, the tablets written by the finger of God. The logic is exact: Egyptian magicians, defeated, admitted God’s finger; Israel’s teachers, watching demons flee, attribute it to Beelzebul. Because this is a Greek to Hebrew link, no shared Strong’s number exists; the badge is structural, resting on the identical phrase in translation and on the unanimous witness of the commentators in the brief.

Exodus 8:19 · Exodus 31:18

basis: Cross-Testament (Greek to Hebrew): no shared Strong’s lexeme possible. Identical phrase “finger of God” in a contest of power with magicians; cited by Ellicott, Gill, Geneva, Cambridge and Pulpit. Not tiered verbal.

The Stronger One who divides the spoil typological

⚙ Isaiah 49:24 to 25 asks whether plunder can be taken from the mighty and answers that the LORD Himself will take it; Isaiah 53:12 says the Servant will divide the spoils with the strong. Many interpreters hear these behind vv. 21 to 22, where the ischyroteros takes away armor and distributes skyla. However, none of the voices in this brief cites either Isaiah text, and the link is cross-Testament, so it is offered as a typological reading only. The voices in the brief instead cite Genesis 3:15 (JFB) and Colossians 2:15 (Cambridge).

Isaiah 49:24 · Isaiah 53:12 · Colossians 2:15

basis: Cross-Testament figural reading (widely held in later interpretation, but not attested by any voice in this brief). Colossians 2:15 is cited by Cambridge as a thematic parallel; no shared lexeme recorded.

Testing for a sign: the wilderness renewed structural / thematic: confirmed

Cambridge reads v. 16 as “precisely analogous” to the wilderness temptation (Luke 4:3, 4:12): a call to exert power on demand. Pulpit connects the Stronger One’s victory in v. 22 to that same wilderness scene. Luke uses peirazō of the devil at 4:2 and of these questioners at 11:16. The tool has not run a lexical check on the pair, so the link is tiered structural, resting on Luke’s own narrative pattern.

Luke 4:3 · Luke 4:12

basis: Shared motif of testing Jesus for a display of power, drawn by Cambridge and Pulpit; not checked by the Verifier, so no verbal claim.

Not against you, for you; not with Me, against Me flagged: verify source

Cambridge calls Luke 9:50 the “complementary truth” to v. 23. There, a man casting out demons in Jesus’ name, though not following with the disciples, is not to be forbidden. Here, anyone not with Jesus is against Him. Read together, the sayings put the dividing line at Jesus Himself, not at any human group. Note: Cambridge’s cross-reference reads “Luke 9:51”; the saying itself is at 9:50, and the reference may point to Cambridge’s note there.

Luke 9:50

basis: Thematic pairing proposed by Cambridge; Cambridge’s verse number (9:51) does not match the saying (9:50), so the source reference needs checking. No Verifier lexeme basis recorded.

The divider of spoils and the distributor of bread typological

⚙ The verb διαδίδωμι (v. 22, “divides up”) is rare (Verifier: 4 vv). Elsewhere it describes Jesus distributing the loaves (John 6:11), the poor being given the proceeds of a sale (Luke 18:22), and the apostles distributing to each as any had need (Acts 4:35). The tool notes, as a novel reading, that the conqueror’s distribution of plunder in Luke’s parable shares its verb with the giving of bread and goods to the needy. The lexical overlap is real; any theological weight placed on it is the tool’s own and should be tested.

John 6:11 · Acts 4:35 · Luke 18:22

basis: Verifier: shared Greek lexeme G1239 διαδίδωμι (in 4 vv) with all three refs. The word link is confirmed; the figural reading is novel and not attested by any voice in the brief.

⚙Christ in the Unittypology · verify

AI-generated reading; weigh it against the text.

The Stronger than the strong ancient/widely-held

⚙ The parable’s three characters are the strong one, his goods, and ἰσχυρότερος, the Stronger. JFB names Him at once (“Christ: Glorious title, in relation to Satan!”) and hears the Seed of the woman of Genesis 3:15. Cambridge cites Colossians 2:15: Christ disarmed the powers and triumphed over them in the cross. Gill traces the victory through the wilderness, the cross, and conversion; Pulpit locates it first in the temptation. Hebrews 2:14 (through death destroying him who had the power of death) and 1 John 3:8 (the Son appeared to destroy the works of the devil) state the same victory in apostolic language. The exorcism of v. 14 is the Stronger already plundering the house.

Genesis 3:15 · Colossians 2:15 · Hebrews 2:14 · 1 John 3:8

The finger of God: a new exodus ancient/widely-held

⚙ By choosing “finger of God,” Luke casts Jesus’ exorcisms as exodus works: the same finger that defeated Egypt’s magicians (Exodus 8:19) and wrote the covenant (Exodus 31:18) now drives out the powers that hold Israel captive. Matthew’s “Spirit of God” (12:28) makes the agent explicit; JFB calls the Spirit “the living Personal Agent” of that power. Luke 4:18, the Spirit-anointed Messiah proclaiming release to captives, is the program this verse enacts. The reading of Jesus as bringing a new exodus is widely held; that the specific phrase here intends it is attested by every voice in the brief that comments on v. 20.

Exodus 8:19 · Exodus 31:18 · Matthew 12:28 · Luke 4:18

The tongue of the mute ancient/widely-held

⚙ Isaiah 35:5 to 6 promised that when God comes to save, the tongue of the mute will shout for joy. When John’s disciples ask whether Jesus is the one to come (Luke 7:22), He points to such healings. The mute man speaking in v. 14 is therefore Messianic evidence, and Gill says the crowd concluded “he must be the Messiah.” The tool adds, as a novel observation, an irony: the healed man speaks rightly while the accusers, who have speech, use it to blaspheme.

Isaiah 35:6 · Luke 7:22

Apparatus & Provenance

The biblical text is the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain (CC0). Hebrew/Greek text, transliteration, morphology and Strong’s are transcribed from the Berean interlinear (CC0) + Strong’s lexicons (PD); the literal renderings, divergence notes, word notes and all synthesis are this tool’s own work (⚙) — fallible; verify them.

Named voices, quoted verbatim from public-domain works:

  • Albert Barnes, Notes on the Bible (1834)
  • Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges, — (1880s)
  • Charles Ellicott, Commentary for English Readers (1878)
  • Geneva Study Bible, Marginal Notes (1599)
  • Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory (1871)
  • John Gill, Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746–63)
  • Joseph Benson, Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1810s)
  • Matthew Henry, Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible (1706)
  • Matthew Poole, Annotations upon the Holy Bible (1685)
  • The Pulpit Commentary, Spence & Exell, eds. (1880s)

Text. The BSB follows a Greek text reading Beelzeboul; Gill notes that “in several copies he is called Beelzebul,” and the KJV-based commentators (Benson, Geneva, Pulpit, Cambridge lemmas) print “Beelzebub,” following the Latin and the Hebrew of 2 Kings 1:2 to 3. The lexicon gloss for G954 (“dung-god”) records one of several proposed etymologies; Cambridge lists three. In v. 22 the KJV’s “all his armour” renders the single word panoplia, not an extra word.

Interlinear. The interlinear for vv. 20 and 22 lists words in a partly English-like order; the literal renderings above follow the interlinear as given. The gloss “vvv” at v. 21 (word 12, en) and v. 23 (word 10, mē) is a placeholder in the source data, meaning the word is absorbed into a neighboring English gloss. The lexicon entry for G2316 (theos) shows only a secondary sense (“figuratively, a magistrate”); it is truncated and should not be read as the gloss here.

Sources. Henry’s comment is a single block on vv. 14 to 26 repeated for every verse; it is quoted only where it bears on the verse (vv. 21, 22). Barnes, JFB (vv. 14 to 19) and Poole (vv. 15 to 22) mostly defer to their Matthew notes. Poole’s note at v. 23 concerns Matthew 23:6 to 7 (seats of honor) and appears misattached in the source; it is not quoted. Cambridge at v. 15 cites “St Mark ( Luke 3:20 )” for what is Mark 3:22, and “Ephesians 2:3” for the “prince of the air,” which is Ephesians 2:2; at v. 23 it cites Luke 9:51 for the saying at 9:50. Ellicott’s view that Luke combines two incidents is a harmonization hypothesis, not a settled fact. Cambridge’s and Pulpit’s claims about the limits of Jewish exorcism and about rabbinic “pupils of the wise” rest on 19th-century scholarship.

Uncertain. Whether the “sons” of v. 19 are Jewish exorcists (most voices) or the apostles (patristic view reported by Pulpit) is not settled by the text. The Isaiah 49 and 53 thread and the diadidōmi thread are the tool’s, not the brief’s voices.

✦ = human, public-domain source, quoted and named. ⚙ = machine synthesis, to be verified. Flagged cross-references are left visible on purpose — the verifier working in the open. “Search the Scriptures daily, whether those things were so.” (Acts 17:11)